Of course, drowning is a threat during a flood, not only because there is so much water and it’s moving quickly, but also because of what the water is carrying. Debris caught in the current can injure anyone in the floodwater, making it more difficult to swim or tread water.
当然，洪灾期间有溺水危险，不仅因为水很大而且水流急，还因为水会带来其他东西。水流中携带的碎片会导致困在洪水中的人受伤，还会让游泳或趟水变得更加困难。
Additionally, floods can cause power outages, communication disruptions, traffic jams and widespread destruction.
此外，洪水还会导致断电、通信中断、交通拥堵和大面积的破坏。
Additionally, floods can cause power outages, communication disruptions, traffic jams and widespread destruction.
此外，洪水还会导致断电、通信中断、交通拥堵和大面积的破坏。
And, the flood itself isn’t the only issue to contend with. The aftermath can be just as deadly, as it may not be possible to deliver essential supplies such as water and food to the area.
而且，你要对付的不光是洪水。洪水的余波同样致命，因为可能无法向灾区运送水和食物等必需品。
And, the flood itself isn’t the only issue to contend with. The aftermath can be just as deadly, as it may not be possible to deliver essential supplies such as water and food to the area.
而且，你要对付的不光是洪水。洪水的余波同样致命，因为可能无法向灾区运送水和食物等必需品。
If a flood warning has been issued, seek shelter immediately. Never attempt to walk, swim or drive through floodwaters.
如果官方发布了洪水预警，要立即寻找庇护所。千万不要试图蹚水、在洪水中游泳或驾车。
If a flood warning has been issued, seek shelter immediately. Never attempt to walk, swim or drive through floodwaters.
如果官方发布了洪水预警，要立即寻找庇护所。千万不要试图蹚水、在洪水中游泳或驾车。
It only takes six inches of moving water to knock a person off their feet, and being knocked unconscious by a fall into moving water could be fatal. Additionally, as little as one foot of flood water can sweep cars away.
6英寸（0.15米）高的流动水就能把一个人击倒在地，而在水流中被击昏是很危险的。另外，仅仅1英尺（0.3米）高的洪水就可以把车冲走。
It only takes six inches of moving water to knock a person off their feet, and being knocked unconscious by a fall into moving water could be fatal. Additionally, as little as one foot of flood water can sweep cars away.
6英寸（0.15米）高的流动水就能把一个人击倒在地，而在水流中被击昏是很危险的。另外，仅仅1英尺（0.3米）高的洪水就可以把车冲走。
突发洪水逃生指南
Avoid bridges that cross rapidly-moving water, as floodwaters can cause bridges to collapse.
避开架在湍急水流之上的桥梁，因为洪水可能会把桥冲垮。
Listen to emergency broadcasts for further instructions. If told to evacuate, do so.
收听应急广播里的指令。如果指令要求你撤离，就撤离。
Stay inside a car trapped by fast-moving water. Only get out if the water begins to flood the car itself, then move to the roof of the vehicle.
如果你的车被湍急的水流困住了，就待在车里。如果水开始涌进车里，就转移到车顶上。
If trapped within a flooding building, move to the highest floor. Do not go into the attic, as it is possible to become trapped there without a way to escape. Only relocate to the roof if necessary. Once there, signal for help (such as drawing SOS on the roof).
如果你被困在洪水泛滥的建筑物里，就上最高层。不要去阁楼，因为阁楼没有逃生通道，可能会被困在里面。如果有必要，就转移到屋顶。在屋顶上发信号求救，比如在屋顶上画SOS。
Avoid power lines, as they are often damaged or knocked down during strong storms and flooding. A downed power line can cause surrounding water to become charged, leading to electrocution.
远离电线，因为暴雨和洪水往往会损坏或击落电线。被击落的电线会让周围的水带电，从而导致触电死亡。
洪水过后，你需要这样做：
Do not drink flood water, or use it to wash dishes, brush teeth, or wash/prepare food. Drink clean, safe water.
不要饮用洪水，或用洪水洗碗、刷牙、清洗食物或做饭。一定要饮用干净、安全的水。
Use only bottled, boiled, or treated water for drinking, cooking, bathing, etc.
饮水、做饭、洗澡等都只用瓶装水、沸水或处理过的水。
If you evacuated, return to your home only after local authorities have said it is safe to do so.
如果你撤离了，只有当地权威部门表示已经安全的情况下才能回家。
Avoid driving through flooded areas and standing water. As little as six inches of water can cause you to lose control of your vehicle.
避免驾车经过灾区和积水区，高15厘米左右的水就能让你失去对车的控制。
灾难背后，我们更多关注的应该是在突发的灾难面前如何自救及应对，减少灾难造成的损失。今天给大家分享一篇关于洪水来临时应该如何积极应对的外刊文章，希望在学习英语之余，可以提升预防灾害的能力。
原文解读
Flood and Flash Flood
Floods are among the most frequent and costlynatural disasters in terms ofhuman hardshipand economic loss.
洪水是人类最常见的自然灾害之一，会给人带来困难和经济损失。
costly adj. 引起困难的；造成损失的
in terms of 在……方面
hardship n. 艰难；困苦（hard + -ship）表示经济、财政等困难可以用hardship：economic / financial hardship
洪水警报期间该怎么做？
What to Do During a Flood WARNING
When a flood or flash floodWARNING is issued:
当发出洪水或山洪暴发警报时：
Be alert tosignsof flooding. A WARNING means a flood is imminentor is happening in the area.
警惕洪水暴发的迹象。警报意味着洪水即将来临或正在该地区发生。
If you live in a flood-pronearea or think you are at risk, evacuate (撤离) immediately. Move quickly to higher ground. Save yourself, not your belongings. The most important thing is your safety.
如果你住在洪水易发地区，或者认为你有危险，立即撤离。迅速转移到地势较高的地方。拯救自己，而不是你的物品。最重要的是你的安全。
flash flood 突发的洪水
issue v. [学术词] 发出（命令、警告等）
be alert to 对……警觉
sign n. 迹象；征兆；预兆（近 indication）
imminent adj. 即将发生的；临近的（尤指不愉快的事）
flood-prone 易受洪水侵袭的该词是复合形容词，flood名词“洪水；水灾”，-prone构成形容词，表示“易于遭受……的”。类似的词还有 error-prone（容易出错的）、injury-prone（容易受伤的）。
at risk 有危险；冒风险
Follow the instructions and advice of local authorities. Local authorities are the most informedabout affected areas. They will best be able to tell you areas to avoid.
听从地方当局的指示和建议。地方当局对受影响的地区最了解。他们最能告诉你该避开哪些地方。
If advised to evacuate, do so immediately. Move to a safe area before access is cut offby flood water. Evacuation is much simpler and safer before flood waters become too deep for vehicles to drive through.
如果建议疏散，立即疏散。在洪水切断通道之前转移到安全区域。在洪水变得深到车辆无法通过之前，疏散工作更容易，也更安全。
informed adj. 见多识广的；消息灵通的
该词是分词形容词，inform + -ed（形容词后缀）。该词释义是由inform的词源义“教导者；训练者”引申出来的。
avoid v. 避开；躲避
cut off 阻挡；堵塞
Follow recommended evacuation routes. Shortcutsor alternate, nonrecommended routes may be blocked or damaged by flood waters.
遵循推荐的疏散路线。捷径或替代的、不推荐的路线可能被洪水堵塞或损坏。
Leave early enough to avoidbeing maroonedby flooded roads. Delaying too long may allowall escape routes tobecome blocked.
尽早离开，以免被困在洪水暴发的路上。耽搁太久可能会让所有的逃生路线变得堵塞。
shortcut n. 近路；捷径
avoid v. 避免；防止
maroon v. 困住；使无法逃脱
词源故事：该词来自法语marron，最早用于指中南美洲西班牙殖民地逃亡到丛林的黑奴，后来用作航海术语，把犯了错的水手扔到一座孤岛上自生自灭。该词的释义由此衍生而来。
allow sth. to do sth. 使……有可能做某事
防洪安全：
Flood Safety
Stay out ofareas subject toflooding. Dips (低洼处), low spots, canyons, washes, etc., can become filled with water.
远离洪水泛滥的地区。低洼处、峡谷等可能会充满水。
If outdoors, climb to high ground and stay there. Move away from dangerous flood waters.
如果在户外，爬到高地并待在那里。远离危险的洪水。
stay out of 避开；远离
subject to 使经受；使遭受
wash n. 洼地
If you come upon a flowing stream where water is above your ankles, stop, turn around, and go another way. Never try to walk, swim, or drive through such swiftwater. Most flood fatalities (死亡) are caused by people attempting to drive through water, or people playing in high water. If it is moving swiftly, even water six inches deep can sweep you offyour feet.
如果你遇到一条水流过脚踝的溪流，停下来，掉头，走另一条路。永远不要试图在如此湍急的水中行走、游泳或开车。大多数由洪水引发的死亡是由试图开车过水或在深水中玩的人造成的。如果水流很快，即使六英寸深的水也会把你卷走。
swift adj. 速度快的
high water 高水位
sweep sb. off their feet 在这里直接翻译为把某人冲倒，该短语还可以表示“把某人一下子迷住；使某人神魂颠倒”。
在乔布斯写给其妻子的诀别信中有一句话：
We were guided by our intuition; you swept me off my feet.
我们跟着感觉走，你让我神魂颠倒。
如果 洪水暴发时你正在开车，该怎么办？
What to Do if You Are Driving
Avoid already flooded areas, and areas subject to sudden flooding. Do not attempt to cross flowing streams. The depth of water is not always obvious. The roadbedmay be washed out under the water, and you could be stranded (滞留) or trapped. Rapidly rising water may stall (使熄火) the engine, engulf (吞没) the vehicle and its occupants, and sweep them away. Look out forflooding at highway dips, bridges, and low areas. Two feet of water will carry away most automobiles.
避开已经被洪水淹没的地区和可能突然发生洪水的地区。不要试图穿越流动的溪流。水的深度并不总是很清晰可见。路基可能会被冲走，你可能会被困住。快速上升的水可能会使发动机熄火，吞没车辆及其乘员，并将他们卷走。注意高速公路低洼处、桥梁和低洼地区的洪水。两英尺深的水可以冲走大多数的汽车。
roadbed n. 路基 （road + bed 底层；基座）
occupant n. [学术词]（汽车内的）乘坐者；占用者该词是occupy的派生词，occupy 占领 + -ant 名词后缀，……人。
look out for 当心；留神
If you are driving and come upon rapidly rising waters, turn around and find another route. Move to higher ground away from rivers, streams, creeks (小溪), and storm drains (下水道). If your route is blocked by flood waters or barricades (路障), find another route. Barricades are put up by local officials to protect people from unsafe roads. Driving around them can be a serious risk.
如果你正在开车，遇到快速上升的水位，掉头找另一条路。远离河流、溪流、小溪和排水沟，移到地势较高的地方。如果你的路被洪水或路障挡住了，寻找另一条路。路障是由当地官员设置的，目的是保护人们远离不安全的道路。在其周围开车可能会有严重的风险。
If your vehicle becomes surrounded by water or the engine stalls, and if you can safely get out, abandonyour vehicle immediately and climb to higher ground. Many deaths have resulted fromattempts to move stalled vehicles. When a vehicle stalls in the water, the water’s momentum (动量) is transferred to the car. The lateral (侧面的) force of a foot of water moving at 10 miles per hour is about 500 pounds on the average automobile. The greatest effect is buoyancy (浮力) — for every foot that water rises up the side of a car, it displaces1,500 pounds of the car’s weight. So, two feet of water moving at 10 miles per hour will float virtuallyany car. Many persons have been swept away by flood waters upon leaving their vehicles, which are later found without much damage. Use caution when abandoning your vehicle, and look for an opportunity to move away quickly and safely to higher ground.
如果你的车被水包围或发动机熄火，如果你能安全下车，立即放弃你的车，爬到地势较高的地方。许多人因试图移动熄火的车辆而死亡。当车辆在水中熄火时，水的动量会转移到汽车上。一英尺的水以每小时10英里的速度移动，平均每辆汽车的侧向力约为500磅。最大的影响是浮力——水每上升一英尺，就会取代汽车1500磅的重量。因此，两英尺高的水以每小时10英里的速度移动几乎能让任何汽车漂浮起来。许多人刚一下车就被洪水冲走了，后来发现他们的汽车没有受到太大损坏。弃车时要小心，寻找机会快速安全地转移到地势较高的地方。
abandon v. （不得已而）丢弃；离开
result from 因……发生
foot n. [熟词生义] 英尺（=30.48厘米）
displace v. [学术词] 取代（近 replace）（dis- 不，非，使相反 + place）
virtually adv. [学术词] 几乎；差不多
洪水或山洪暴发结束后该怎么办？
What to Do After a Flood or Flash Flood
Seek necessary medical careat the nearest hospital or clinic. Contaminated (受污染的) flood waters lead to a greater possibility of infection. Severe injuries will require medical attention.
到最近的医院或诊所寻求必要的医疗护理。受污染的洪水会使感染的可能性更大。重伤将需要医疗护理。
Help a neighbor who may require special assistance— infants, elderly people, and people with disabilities. Elderly people and people with disabilities may require additionalassistance. People who care for them or who have large families may need additional assistance in emergency situations.
帮助可能需要特殊帮助的邻居——婴儿、老年人和残疾人。老年人和残疾人可能需要额外的帮助。照顾他们或有大家庭的人在紧急情况下可能需要额外的帮助。
medical care 医疗护理
assistance n. [学术词] [正式用语] 帮助；援助 （assist 帮助 + -ance 名词后缀，性质；状况）
infant n. 婴儿；幼儿词源故事：该词来自拉丁语infantem，意思是不能说话的，所以infantem原本指的是还不会说话的婴儿，但后来可以表示各种年龄段的小孩子。
additional adj. 附加的；额外的（addition 加 + -al 形容词后缀）
Avoid disaster areas. Your presencemight hamper (阻碍) rescue and other emergency operations, and put you at further risk from the residual (残留的) effects of floods, such as contaminated waters, crumbled (破碎的) roads, landslides, mudflows, and other hazards.
避开灾区。你可能会阻碍救援和其他紧急行动，并使你面临洪水残余影响的进一步风险，如受污染的水、破碎的道路、山体滑坡、泥石流和其他危险。
presence n. 在场（present在场的 + -ence 名词后缀）
operation n. （有组织的）活动
landslide n. 山体滑坡（land + slide 滑落）
mudflow n. 泥石流（mud 泥 + flow 流动）
hazard n. 危险；危害
Return home only when authorities indicate it is safe to do so. Flood dangers do not end when the water begins to recede (逐渐退去); there may be flood-related hazards within your community, which you could hear about from local broadcasts.
只有当局表明这样做是安全的时候，才可以回家。当洪水开始退去的时候，其危险并没有结束；在你的社区里可能有与洪水相关的灾害，你可以从当地广播中听到。
Stay out of any building if flood waters remainaround the building. Flood waters often underminefoundations, causing sinking, floors can crackor break and buildings can collapse.
如果建筑物周围仍有洪水，不要靠近任何建筑物。洪水经常破坏地基，导致下沉，地板可能会破裂，建筑物可能会倒塌。
remain v. 遗留；继续存在
undermine v. 从根基处破坏（under-在下面 + mine 挖）
crack v. 破裂；裂开（拟声词）
collapse adj. [学术词] 倒塌
Avoid entering ANY building (home, business, or other) before local officials have said it is safe to do so. Buildings may have hidden damage that makes them unsafe. Gas leaksor electric or waterline damage can create additional problems.
在当地官员表示安全之前，避免进入任何建筑（家、公司或其他）。建筑物可能有隐藏的损坏，非常不安全。煤气泄漏、电力或水线损坏会造成额外的问题。
a gas leak 煤气泄露
Report broken utility (公共事业) lines to the appropriate authorities. Reporting potential hazards will get the utilities turned off as quickly as possible, preventing further hazard and injury. Check with your utility company now about where broken lines should be reported.Avoid smoking inside buildings. Smoking in confinedareas can cause fires.
向有关当局报告公共线路损坏的情况。报告潜在的危险可以使公共设施尽快关闭，防止造成进一步的危险和伤害。现在就与公共单位确认，了解应该报告哪些地方有损坏的线路。避免在建筑物内吸烟。在密闭的地方吸烟会引起火灾。
confined adj. [学术词]（空间或面积）有限的；狭窄的
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